Multi-Center Validation of Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale in Malaysia

The detection of pain in persons with advanced dementia is challenging due to their inability verbally articulate the they are experiencing. Pain Assessment Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) an observer-rated assessment tool developed based on non-verbal expressions for severe dementia. This study aimed perform construct validation PAINAD Malaysia. was a prospective cross-sectional conducted from 27 April 2022 28 October eight public hospitals scale index test, and Discomfort Scale—Dementia Alzheimer Type (DS-DAT) Nurse-Reported Scale (NRPS) were reference tests concurrent validity assessment. subjects performed by two raters concurrently at rest during activity. score determined first rater, whereas DS-DAT NRPS assessed second blinded each other’s findings prevent bias. showed good positive correlations ranging 0.325 0.715 activity, p-value <0.05. It also demonstrated statistically significant differences when comparing scores pre- post-intervention. In conclusion, reliable sensitive changes level activity rest,